A coalition of Islamic and secular opposition parties boycotted the election, describing it as a masquerade and asserting that President Bouteflika was unfit to run due to his health. [9] Encyclopdia Britannica World Atlas, 1957 edition. Since 1975, Algeria also has been the main recipient of Sahrawi refugees from the ongoing conflict in Western Sahara (today part of Morocco). WebAlgeria is divided into 48 wilayas (provinces), 553 daras (circles; see [Districts of Algeria]]) and 1541 baladiyahs (municipalities, in French: commune). Judges rarely refused requests to extend pretrial detention, which by law may be appealed. )male: 41.3% (2020 est. The governments lack of transparency over its use of state-funded advertising, however, permitted it to exert undue influence over print media. In these cases, authorities permit the arrested person to contact a lawyer after half of the extended time has expired. )exports: 42,667,386,000 cubic meters (2019 est. Political Parties and Political Participation: The Ministry of Interior must approve political parties before they may operate legally. The provinces are subdivided into 160 dayrat (sub-prefectures), and further into 1,541 municipalities. With independence, Arabic was The law also stipulates the collection of resources from contributions by the partys members, donations, and revenue from its activities, in addition to possible state funding. Members of the LGBTI community reported that forced marriage was a problem, particularly for lesbian women. The law requires that workers obtain government approval to form a union, and the Ministry of Labor must approve or disapprove a union application within 30 days. The committee brought together various government and civil society actors to discuss implementation of the national strategy to combat HIV/AIDS. The National Human Rights Committee (CNDH) said the government had dedicated $12 million to ensure the human rights of migrants during repatriation operations (to include accommodation, food, clothing, health care, medicines, and transportation). )industrial: 191 million cubic meters (2017 est. Sept. 29: The Algerian Defense Ministry said the Algerian army killed five armed Islamist militants and seized weapons, munitions and food supplies during a sweep of the forests of Tazoult in the Batna province. Human Rights Watch, Amnesty International, and other NGOs criticized the governments use of the law to restrict peaceful assembly. Strong social stigma towards the vulnerable groups in which HIV/AIDS was most concentratedcommercial sex workers, men who have sexual relations with men, and drug usersdeterred testing of these groups. Argel (Portuguese, Spanish); Dzayer, Djezar (variant); (Russian), Annaba: Anaba (Portuguese, Spanish); Bona (Portuguese-obsolete, Spanish-obsolete); Bne (obsolete), Bjaa: Bougie, Bedjaya (French); Bidjaia (variant); Bugia (Italian); Bujia (Portuguese-obsolete), Blida: El Boulada, al-Boulaida (variant), Bordj Bou Arrridj: Bordj Bou Ariridj, Borj Bou Arreridj (variant), Chlef: El Asnam, Orlansville (obsolete); Chelif, Ech Cheliff (variant), Constantine: Constantina (Portuguese, Spanish); Costatina (Italian); Qoussantina, Qacentina (Arabic), El Bayadh: El Bayad, El Beyyadh (variant); Gryville (obsolete), Illizi: Polignac, Fort Polignac (obsolete); Ilizi (variant), Jijel: Djidjel (variant); Djidjelli (obsolete), Oasis: Osis Saharianos (Portuguese); Oasis Sahariennes (variant); Saharan Oases (English), Oran: Orn (Spanish); Orano (Italian); Oro (Portuguese); Ouahran, Ouahrane, Wahran (variant), Oum el Bouaghi: Oum el Bouagui (variant); Canrobert (obsolete), Skikda: Philippeville (obsolete); Skidda (variant), Tamanrasset: Tamanghasset, Tamenghasset, Tamenghest (variant); Fort Laperrine (obsolete), Tlemcen: Tilimsene, Tlemsane, Tilimsen (variant); Tremecm (Portuguese-obsolete). He appealed to the Constitutional Council without result. The law states that a person claiming domestic abuse must visit a forensic physician for an examination to document injuries and that the physician must determine that the injuries suffered incapacitated the victim for 15 days. into the entities shown in this table (dep = department, div = division, arr = arrondissement, sub = subdivision). ), municipal: 3.6 billion cubic meters (2017 est. )consumption: 46,945,035,000 cubic meters (2019 est. Other migrants, asylum seekers, and Malians and Syrians who had a special status with the government, relied largely on remittances from family, the support of local family and acquaintances, and assistance from the Algerian Red Crescent and international aid organizations. Foreign observers characterized the elections as largely peaceful but pointed to low voter turnout and a high rate of ballot invalidity. While the government tolerated their operations in the past, the Ministry of Communication said in 2016 it would limit the number of private satellite channels to 13 and foreign-based unaccredited television outlets would be shut down. The government did not grant UNHCR access to these reception centers but reported that by 2016 most Syrians no longer used the centers. List of Algerian provinces by population This article has been translated from the )crude oil and lease condensate exports: 633,500 bbl/day (2018 est. ), China 18%, France 14%, Italy 8%, Spain 8%, Germany 5%, Turkey 5% (2019), refined petroleum, wheat, packaged medical supplies, milk, vehicle parts (2019), $56.211 billion (31 December 2021 est. Receive small business resources and advice about entrepreneurial info, home based business, and Guelma. [7] "Population rsidente par age, par sexe et par wilaya", pdf file downloaded from. Sexual Exploitation of Children: The law prohibits solicitation for prostitution and stipulates prison sentences of between 10 and 20 years when the offense is committed against a minor under age 18. Although specific data was unavailable, children reportedly worked mostly in the informal sales market, often in family businesses. The government requires employers to declare their employees to the Ministry of Labor and to pay social security benefits. In 2016 the government established an anticybercrime agency charged with coordinating anticybercrime efforts and engaging in preventive surveillance of electronic communications in the interests of national security. )subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 104 (2020 est. The government said it did not take measures to specifically prevent and treat HIV/AIDS in the LGBTI community. )$71.796 billion (31 December 2019 est. WebThe province of Blida is located in the north of Algeria. The ministrys Media Directorate is responsible for issuing and renewing accreditations to foreign media outlets operating in the country. 2018 Country Reports on Human Rights Practices: Algeria, An official website of the United States Government. ), definition: age 15 and over can read and writetotal population: 81.4%male: 87.4%female: 75.3% (2018), total: 31.9%male: 27.8%female: 54% (2021 est. The ministry has 30 days to review the importation application; in the absence of a response after 30 days, the importer may proceed with distribution of the publication. York, 1991. )$11,600 (2019 est. Prison sentences for rape range from five to 10 years, and authorities generally enforced the law. He was charged with sharing intelligence with a foreign power.. Labor standards do not protect economic migrants from sub-Saharan Africa and elsewhere working in the country without legal immigration status, which made them vulnerable to exploitation. There was no evidence of any pattern of discrimination toward asylum applicants, but the lack of a formal asylum system made this difficult to assess. Women enjoyed rights equal to those of men concerning property ownership, and property titles listed female landowners names. were ill-defined. Presidential term limits, which were eliminated in 2008, were reintroduced in the 2016 revision of the constitution and limit the president to two five-year terms. The law grants the government wide-ranging oversight of and influence in the day-to-day activities of civil society organizations. NGOs reported instances of not receiving the written authorization in time to hold planned meetings. In February the Ministry for National Solidarity, Family, and Women and UN Women launched an administrative database, named AMANE, to collect information on violence against women. )percent of population: 63% (2020 est. jurisdiction of an igame, which is an acronym for, 1957-01-10: The four territories joined a union called. WebAccording to a 2018 report by the IOM, Algeria has expelled 35,600 Nigeriens to Niger since 2014more than 12,000 in 2018as well as more than 8,000 migrants from other African The president has the constitutional authority to appoint and dismiss cabinet members and the prime minister, who is the head of government. Arrested individuals reported that authorities held them for four to eight hours before releasing them without charges. Northern Africa, bordering the Mediterranean Sea, between Morocco and Tunisia, total: 2,381,740 sq kmland: 2,381,740 sq kmwater: 0 sq km, slightly less than 3.5 times the size of Texas, total: 6,734 kmborder countries (6): Libya 989 km; Mali 1,359 km; Mauritania 460 km; Morocco 1,941 km; Niger 951 km; Tunisia 1,034 km, territorial sea: 12 nmcontiguous zone: 24 nmexclusive fishing zone: 32-52 nm, arid to semiarid; mild, wet winters with hot, dry summers along coast; drier with cold winters and hot summers on high plateau; sirocco is a hot, dust/sand-laden wind especially common in summer, mostly high plateau and desert; Atlas Mountains in the far north and Hoggar Mountains in the south; narrow, discontinuous coastal plain, highest point: Tahat 2,908 mlowest point: Chott Melrhir -40 mmean elevation: 800 m, petroleum, natural gas, iron ore, phosphates, uranium, lead, zinc, agricultural land: 17.4% (2018 est. Prohibition of Forced or Compulsory Labor, c. Prohibition of Child Labor and Minimum Age for Employment, d. Discrimination with Respect to Employment and Occupation, https://travel.state.gov/content/travel/en/International-Parental-Child-Abduction/for-providers/legal-reports-and-data.html. ), municipal solid waste generated annually: 12,378,740 tons (2016 est. )nuclear: 0% of total installed capacity (2020 est. )6.7% of GDP (2020 est. Advocacy groups reported that children with disabilities rarely attended school past the secondary level. In-country Movement: The constitution provides citizens the right to freely choose their place of residence and to move throughout the national territory. The government requires that foreign diplomats and private sector personnel have armed security escorts from the government should members of these groups travel outside of Algiers wilaya (province), El-Oued, and Illizi, near hydrocarbon industry installations and the Libyan border, respectively. It is the tenth largest country in the world and largest in Africa with an area coverage of approximately 919,595 square miles. )arable land: 3.2% (2018 est. The new Other refugees, asylum seekers, and migrants had access to free public hospitals, but independent NGOs reported instances of migrants turned away. See the Department of StatesAnnual Report on International Parental Child Abductionathttps://travel.state.gov/content/travel/en/International-Parental-Child-Abduction/for-providers/legal-reports-and-data.html. More than 100,000 Sahrawis are estimated to be living in five refugee camps in southwestern Algeria near Tindouf. Algeria covers an area of 2,381,741 square kilometres (919,595 sq mi), making it the world's tenth largest nation by area, and the largest nation in Africa. With a population of 44 million, Algeria is the ninth-most populous country in Africa, and the 32nd-most populous country in the world. NGOs reported that the government did not enforce payment of fines for failing to abide by the law. Corruption: The criminal code stipulates that only the board of directors of the institution concerned may initiate charges related to theft, embezzlement, or loss of public and private funds against senior, public sector economic managers. Critics of the law asserted that by permitting only senior officials of state businesses to initiate investigations, the law protects high-level government corruption and promotes impunity. The law gives the authorities broad power to ban books that run counter to the constitution, the Muslim religion and other religions, national sovereignty and unity, the national identity and cultural values of society, national security and defense concerns, public order concerns, and the dignity of the human being and individual and collective rights. It further prohibits books that make apology for colonialism, terrorism, crime, and racism.. At the same time, legal foreign workers principally from China and Egypt came to work in Algeria's construction and oil sectors. Section 1. Security forces conducted unannounced home visits. Amnesty International and other human rights organizations criticized the law prohibiting unauthorized gatherings and called for its amendment to require only notification as opposed to application for authorization. Married women under 18 may not travel abroad without permission from their husbands, but married women older than 18 may do so. split from Blida; Tissemsilt formed from parts of Alger and Tiaret. $487.716 billion (2021 est. Durable Solutions: The government did not accept refugees from foreign countries for resettlement. NGOs also indicated that some migrants were denied treatment at healthcare facilities. Academic seminars generally occurred with limited governmental interference. After the most recent Women may seek divorce for irreconcilable differences and violation of a prenuptial agreement. A detainee has the right to appeal a courts order of pretrial detention, and if released, seek compensation from the government. Algeria Telephone: (213) 770-08-2000 Emergency after-hours telephone: (213) 770-08-2200 Fax: 0770-08-2299 Email: ACSAlgiers@state.gov. Of the daily printed publications, the ministry stated six were state-operated. )municipal solid waste recycled annually: 990,299 tons (2013 est. The law criminalizing speech about security force conduct during the internal conflict of the 1990s remained in place, although the government said there had never been an arrest or prosecution under the law. The Ministry of Justice said the agency was subject to all existing judicial controls that apply to law enforcement agencies. The French southward conquest of the entirety of Algeria proceeded throughout the 19th century and was marked by many atrocities. The law prohibits Muslim women from marrying non-Muslims, although authorities did not always enforce this provision. Government Human Rights Bodies: In 2016 the government replaced the National Consultative Commission for the Promotion and Protection of Human Rights (CNCPPDH) with the CNDH. With lower oil prices since 2014, Algerias foreign exchange reserves have declined by more than half and its oil stabilization fund has decreased from about $20 billion at the end of 2013 to about $7 billion in 2017, which is the statutory minimum. Impunity for police and security officials remained a problem, but the government provided information on actions taken against officials accused of wrongdoing. According to the NGO Reporters without Borders, private advertising existed but frequently came from businesses with close links to the ruling political party. Employment: The government does not formally allow refugee employment; however, many worked in the informal market and were at risk of labor exploitation due to their lack of legal status in the country. The new law also eliminated gender quotas in Parliament, and the June 2021 legislative elections saw female representation plummet. into arrondissements, communes, and districts (civilian commisariats). 1962-07-01: Algeria became independent from France. Unions may recruit members at the workplace. Update 15 to the GEC, the successor to the FIPS standard, is dated 2014-03-31. These groups targeted security services personnel in periodic but small-scale attacks. These observers, among others, pointed to the law as a significant source of arbitrary arrests intended to suppress political activism. UNHCR, the World Food Program (WFP), UNICEF, the Algerian Red Crescent, the Sahrawi Red Crescent, and other organizations assisted Sahrawi refugees. )spirits: 0.08 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est. ), -0.82 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2022 est. The committee was empowered to propose measures and laws to address child labor as well as conduct awareness campaigns. The decision to strike must be approved by majority vote of workers at a general meeting. Other organizations reported they never received any written response to their application request even after calling the ministry and trying to register at local police stations. See the Department of StatesInternational Religious Freedom Reportatwww.state.gov/religiousfreedomreport/. wilaya). Civilian authorities generally maintained effective control over the security forces. 1831-12-01: By ordinance, Algeria was divided into civil and military territory. Although the government did not renew the accreditation of LADDH, the organization had members countrywide, received independent funding, and was one of the most active independent human rights groups. The subdivisions were to the The government devoted increasing resources and attention to it. Leaders of womens organizations reported that discrimination was common and women were less likely to receive equal pay for equal work or promotions. Sahrawi refugees lived predominantly in five camps near the city of Tindouf, administered by the Popular Front for the Liberation of the Saguia el Hamra and Rio de Oro (Polisario). The Tellian and Saharan Atlas Mountain ranges cross the country from east to west, dividing it into three zones. Police arrested blogger Merzoug Touati in January 2017 on charges stemming from his online publication of an interview with a former Israeli diplomat. )carbon dioxide emissions: 150.01 megatons (2016 est. The law stipulates that detainees should immediately be able to contact a family member and receive a visit, or to contact an attorney. For the year the Ministry for National Solidarity, Family, and Women, reported that there were 1,127 logged cases of violence against women. It was unclear whether authorities followed the law in all cases since local authorities had significant discretion and the government did not maintain nationwide statistics. The law contains occupational health and safety standards that were not fully enforced. According to statistics from womens advocacy groups published in the local press, between 100 and 200 women died each year from domestic violence. CGATA membership included workers from unions representing government administrators, diplomatic personnel, state electricity and gas employees, university professors, public transport and postal workers, and lawyers. The DGAPR has no legal protections for LGBTI persons in prison arguing that civil protections extend to all people regardless of gender orientation. ~1962: Name of Bne department changed to Annaba. civil territories grew at the expense of the military territories. The law says any firing or other employment action based on discrimination against union members is invalid. Algeria's primary political party, the National Liberation Front (FLN), was established in 1954 as part of the struggle for independence and has since largely dominated politics, though it is falling out of favor with the youth. According to human rights activists, citizens widely believed the government conducted frequent electronic surveillance of a range of citizens, including political opponents, journalists, human rights groups, and suspected terrorists. Government officials did not take measures specifically to prevent discrimination against LGBTI persons. )wind: 0% of total installed capacity (2020 est. FIS membership is illegal. The government issued licenses and subsidies to domestic associations, especially youth, medical, and neighborhood associations. The departments were subdivided )note: Data are in current year dollars and do not include illicit exports or re-exports. Police arrested and interrogated some of the demonstrators and released them after about an hour. Global AIDS Coordinator and Global Health Diplomacy, Special Presidential Envoy for Hostage Affairs, Special Representative for Syria Engagement, U.S. Security Coordinator for Israel and the Palestinian Authority, Office of the U.S. UNHCR registered more than 10,000 Syrians, but fewer than 7,000 remained registered with UNHCR as of September. For example, female migrants were subjected to debt bondage as they worked to repay smuggling debts through domestic servitude, forced begging, and forced prostitution. It appears that the -r- spelling is Judges rarely refused prosecutorial requests to extend pretrial detention. The government said that it closed 11 facilities and opened one new facility to improve prison conditions in the last year but argued that they have alleviated overcrowding by increasing the use of minimum-security centers that permit prisoners to work and by using electronic monitoring. They were Nongovernmental observers believed pretrial detainees comprised a significant portion of the total detainee and prisoner population but did not have specific statistics. )exports: 673 million kWh (2019 est. phonetics. Governmental Attitude Regarding International and Nongovernmental Investigation of Alleged Violations of Human Rights, Section 6. the districts. [1] Quid 1993, ditions Robert Laffont, Paris, 1992. Recent Elections: Presidential elections took place in 2014, and voters re-elected President Bouteflika for a fourth term. At the beginning of the 20th century, Algeria was a French colony. The government may restrict strikes on a number of grounds, including economic crisis, obstruction of public services, or the possibility of subversive actions. Appeals may be made to the ministry, with no independent or judicial review provided for in the decree. formed from parts of Annaba and Guelma; Ghardaa split from Laghouat; Illizi split from Ouargla; Khenchela formed from If workers face such conditions, they may renegotiate their contract or, failing that, resort to the courts. )subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 11 (2020 est. In 2020, Algeria held a constitutional referendum, which President TEBBOUNE enacted in January 2021. The law forbids legal guardians from forcing minors under their care to marry against the minors will. No new trade unions were registered between January and September, and the government said it did not receive any applications. ), $11,000 (2021 est. While the constitution provides for the separation of powers between the executive and judicial branches of government, the executive branchs broad statutory authorities limited judicial independence. )note: data are in 2017 dollars, 7.23% (2021 est. which in turn were subdivided into communes. ), production: 87,853,976,000 cubic meters (2019 est. Amnesty International maintained an office and actively reported on human rights issues, but it did not receive official authorization to operate from the Ministry of Interior. The May 2017 elections for the lower chamber of parliament did not result in significant changes in the composition of the government. According to statistics provided in September, the Ministry of Justices General Directorate for Prison Administration and Resettlement (DGAPR) had responsibility for approximately 63,000 prisoners. )imports: 85,000 metric tons (2020 est. The law states that decisions reached in mediation are binding on both parties. In May 2017 Fekhar was sentenced to five years imprisonment but in July 2017 a court in Medea reduced that sentence to two years. The Islamic State Algeria Province After kidnapping a 55-year-old French mountaineering guide, Herv Gourdel, the group stated in a video on 22 September 2014, that the kidnapping was a fulfilling of an order of IS spokesman al-'Adnani to attack citizens of WebGetentrepreneurial.com: Resources for Small Business Entrepreneurs in 2022. )investment in inventories: 11.2% (2017 est. Freedom to Participate in the Political Process, Section 4. The Illizi Province is in eastern Algeria and a small portion of western Libya. Some organizations maintained a list of LGBTI-friendly hospitals, and several NGOs operated mobile clinics specifically for vulnerable communities. )1.95% (2019 est.). Most trials are public, except when the judge determines the proceedings to be a threat to public order or morals. The penal code guarantees defendants the right to free interpretation as necessary. The extended time has expired parts of Alger and Tiaret ) consumption: 46,945,035,000 cubic meters ( 2019.... World Atlas, 1957 edition exports: 673 million kWh ( 2019 est private existed... Peaceful but pointed to the ruling political party it is the ninth-most populous country in the day-to-day of... Worked mostly in the day-to-day activities of civil society organizations, ditions Robert,... Determines the proceedings to be living in five refugee camps in southwestern Algeria near Tindouf par! With disabilities rarely attended school past the secondary level it did not result in significant changes the! Child Abductionathttps: //travel.state.gov/content/travel/en/International-Parental-Child-Abduction/for-providers/legal-reports-and-data.html on actions taken against officials accused of wrongdoing population of 44 million, was! 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Western Libya advocacy groups published in the informal sales market, often family... Populous country in the world and largest in Africa, and several ngos operated mobile specifically... Detainee and prisoner population but did not take measures specifically to prevent discrimination against LGBTI persons in prison that! Measures specifically to prevent discrimination against union members is invalid peaceful but pointed low...
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